Betty Hill was an American social worker and civil-rights activist from New Hampshire who, with her husband Barney Hill, reported the September 1961 experience now known as the Betty and Barney Hill abduction. It was the first alien-abduction account to reach a wide American audience and made her one of the best-known figures in UFO history.

She was born Eunice Elizabeth Barrett on June 28, 1919, in Newton, New Hampshire, and grew up in nearby Kingston. According to her family's account, she earned a social work degree at the University of New Hampshire, where she chaired a campus inter-race commission. She went on to work for the New Hampshire Welfare Department as a child welfare and adoption specialist and later became a supervisor. In 1960 she married Barney Hill, a Black postal worker, and the interracial couple settled in Portsmouth.

The Hills were prominent in New Hampshire's civil-rights movement of the 1960s. Betty served as secretary of the local NAACP chapter, Barney chaired the Portsmouth branch's political action committee, and both were active in their Unitarian congregation. Their papers include correspondence with Governor John W. King and Senator Thomas J. McIntyre and an invitation to Lyndon Johnson's 1965 inauguration in recognition of their work on his New Hampshire campaign. Driving home from Canada through the White Mountains on the night of September 19–20, 1961, the couple saw a light they came to believe was a craft, and under hypnosis with Boston psychiatrist Benjamin Simon in 1964 they described being taken aboard and examined. John G. Fuller's 1966 book The Interrupted Journey and the 1975 television film The UFO Incident made their account internationally known.

After Barney passed away in 1969, Betty, who never remarried, became a celebrity in UFO circles, lecturing and corresponding with people around the world. She also became an avid skywatcher; the skeptic Robert Sheaffer wrote that by 1977 she was going on UFO vigils at least three times a week, and he quoted UFO enthusiast John Oswald as saying that she was not really seeing UFOs but was calling them that. In 1995 she self-published A Common Sense Approach to UFOs. She defended Simon's clinical hypnosis while criticizing the methods of later abduction researchers such as Budd Hopkins, David Jacobs and John Mack. She told Boston magazine in 1979 that she wanted to be remembered for her social work rather than as the woman who sees UFOs.

Hill passed away at her Portsmouth home on October 17, 2004, at age 85. The couple's papers are held by the University of New Hampshire, and in 2011 the state placed a historical marker commemorating the encounter. Her story drew renewed attention in February 2026, when Swedish archivist Clas Svahn told Jesse Michels that Hill had described to him, in a recorded conversation, fragments of an object seen falling into a field near a family home before the 1961 trip, which she said she stored for a time and later buried in her yard. Decades after her passing, Hill remains the defining witness of the abduction era, a social worker and activist whose account set the template for those that followed.