Antônio Vilas Boas, whose name also appears as Villas Boas or Vilas-Boas, was a Brazilian farmer from São Francisco de Sales, in Minas Gerais, whose account of being taken aboard a craft on his family's land became one of the first alien abduction claims to reach an international audience. Most accounts of the 1957 Vilas-Boas abduction rest on the statement he gave in Rio de Janeiro early the next year. He later qualified as a lawyer and kept to his story for the rest of his life.

He was born on May 7, 1934, in São Francisco de Sales, one of ten children of the farmers Jerônimo Pedro Vilas-Boas and Enésia Cândida de Oliveira, and worked the family's tractor on night shifts to avoid the daytime heat. He and his brothers said they had seen unexplained lights over the farm on October 5 and October 14, 1957. By his account, while he was ploughing alone on the night of October 15–16, an egg-shaped craft landed, and small, suited figures forced him aboard, took a blood sample and subjected him to a sexual encounter with a female being before letting him go about four hours later.

The account came to light through the press. Vilas Boas wrote to João Martins, an O Cruzeiro journalist who had invited readers to report encounters, and Martins paid for his trip to Rio de Janeiro, where he gave a statement to Martins and the physician Olavo Fontes on February 22, 1958. Fontes, who examined him, concluded that he showed signs of mild radiation sickness and sent a report to the American group APRO, which judged the story too fantastic to publish. Walter Bühler of the Brazilian group SBEDV visited him in 1962, and Flying Saucer Review reproduced Bühler's report in January 1965, carrying the case abroad.

Doubts have followed it. The British writer Peter Rogerson noted that O Cruzeiro had run an abduction story in November 1957 and suggested that the account surfaced only in 1958 and may have drawn on George Adamski's contactee tales; the investigator Kentaro Mori pointed to a sketch of the craft that resembled Sputnik. In 1978 Bosco Nedelcovic, a Yugoslav-born interpreter said to have worked for the CIA, told the ufologist Rich Reynolds that the episode had been staged by American intelligence, a claim the researcher Pablo Villarrubia Mauso has rejected as inconsistent with the facts. That year Vilas Boas told the TV Tupi host Flávio Cavalcanti, in a telephone interview, that he had suffered radioactive contamination.

He married, had four children and practised law, and he passed away in Uberaba on January 17, 1991, although some accounts give 1992. The case drew fresh attention in 2026, when forum users circulated a 2002 interview in which his sister Odércia told the ufologist Cláudio Suenaga that English-speaking visitors had taken him to the United States after the encounter, a claim with no documentary support, and shared a translation of a French comic adaptation by Jacques Lob and Robert Gigi. Nearly 70 years on, his account remains a standard early reference for the reproductive theme that runs through later abduction reports.