This reference presents a statistical version of the Drake Equation for modeling possible communicating civilizations and their distances. It is a mathematical treatment of uncertain variables in SETI, not evidence that extraterrestrial civilizations have been observed or contacted.
SETI
TopicProgramSETI
TopicProgramSETI, the search for extraterrestrial intelligence, is the scientific hunt for alien technosignatures, long wary of UFOs and now debating where UAP fit.
SETI, the search for extraterrestrial intelligence, is the scientific hunt for alien technosignatures, long wary of UFOs and now debating where UAP fit.
SETI, the search for extraterrestrial intelligence, is the scientific effort to detect evidence of technology beyond Earth, such as engineered radio or laser signals and other so-called technosignatures. It is pursued by a network of observatories, universities, and nonprofits rather than a single body. Its best-known institutional home is the California-based SETI Institute, founded in 1984 by Thomas Pierson and Jill Tarter, alongside the Berkeley SETI Research Center, the privately funded Breakthrough Listen program, and the SETI committee of the International Academy of Astronautics.
The field began with a 1959 paper in Nature by physicists Giuseppe Cocconi and Philip Morrison proposing a search near the 1420 MHz radio emission of hydrogen. In 1960, astronomer Frank Drake's Project Ozma pointed a Green Bank radio dish at two nearby stars, and a 1961 meeting there produced the Drake equation for estimating the number of communicating civilizations. The 1977 "Wow!" signal recorded at Ohio State's Big Ear telescope never repeated. NASA began a formal survey in 1992, but Congress ended its funding the next year, leaving SETI largely dependent on private money until Breakthrough Listen's $100 million, ten-year commitment in 2015.
For most of its history, mainstream SETI kept its distance from UFO reports. In 2021, as the government released its first UAP assessment, the SETI Institute described UAP study and SETI as fundamentally dissimilar: one deals with unplanned sightings near Earth, the other with deliberate, repeatable observations of distant stars. That stance drew criticism from UAP advocates and, increasingly, from within astronomy. Harvard astrophysicist Avi Loeb founded the Galileo Project in 2021 to look for physical artifacts with purpose-built instruments, and in 2026 astrobiologist Jacob Haqq-Misra publicly urged SETI researchers to treat UAP as worth study. SETI Institute chief executive Bill Diamond has said there is no confirmed evidence linking such phenomena to alien civilizations.
The field's methods are widening. Radio searches of the interstellar object 3I/ATLAS by the Allen Telescope Array, MeerKAT, and the Green Bank Telescope in 2025 found no technosignatures, a result an independent group, the Sentinel Network, disputed on methodological grounds. In 2026, SETI Institute researchers reported that turbulent plasma near a transmitting star could smear narrowband signals below detection thresholds, and a Manchester-led team searched archival radio data beyond the traditional "water hole" frequencies. In June 2026, the International Academy of Astronautics ratified the first major revision in more than fifteen years of its principles for verifying and announcing a detection.
SETI has produced no confirmed detection in more than six decades, but it has supplied much of the vocabulary, including technosignatures, post-detection protocols, and the Drake equation, that UAP researchers and government analysts now borrow; a 2010 study written for the Defense Intelligence Agency's AAWSAP program, released in 2026, applied a statistical Drake equation to the question of distant civilizations. Whether the field's tools should also be turned toward anomalies near Earth has become one of its most consequential debates.
If some UAP are nonhuman technology, they might belong to an autonomous system stationed near Earth long ago. It would need no repeated interstellar trips; its creators could be distant, absent, or extinct. SETI research offers precedents, but an observer would not by itself prove an ancient factory, a protective mission, or an ability to influence consciousness. 1. A presence that outlives its creators The Sentinel Probe Hypothesis proposes that a nonhuman system reached our solar system and...
Suppose there are other planets where life began and that it followed something like a Darwinian evolution (which needen’t be the case). Even then, it’s highly unlikely that the progression of intelligence and technology would happen at exactly the same pace as on Earth. If it lagged significantly behind, then that planet would plainly reveal no evidence of extraterrestrial life to our radio telescopes. But around a star older than the Sun, life could have had a head start of a billion years...

If some UAP represent nonhuman technology, they might be equipment belonging to an autonomous system stationed near Earth long ago. A persistent observer could deploy vehicles, maintain itself, and respond to changes in the biosphere without biological crews repeatedly crossing interstellar space. Published SETI research supplies precedents for this architecture. Local factories, ancient residence, defensive intervention, and neural interfaces require separate evidence. The test is whether ob...
“I Know We’re Not Alone” | Karin Austin’s Extraordinary Abduction Story
[Retweeted] Durham University professor and the Chair in Global Law and SETI Policy Michael Bohlander joins Dr. Peter Skafish of the Sol Foundation for a wide-ranging discussion of the legal questions surrounding UAP. They examine why classified claims remain so difficult to verify publicly, how secrecy can create constitutional and evidentiary problems, and why courts offer a different framework for evaluating witness testimony than the natural sciences. Most interestingly, Bohlander shares...
The next major search for extraterrestrial intelligence might involve putting Moon dust under a microscope rather than pointing a radio telescope toward the stars. A new study led by SETI Institute Affiliate Scientist Lewis Pinault proposes searching lunar regolith for microscopic particles that could represent the surviving debris of extraterrestrial technology. Such material might have drifted between stars for millions or billions of years before eventually reaching the Moon. submitted by...

Official Study: Micron-Scale Technosignatures: How a Cubic Metre of Lunar Regolith May Begin to Constrain the Number of Past Technological Civilisations in the Galaxy “The Moon has been quietly accumulating material from space for billions of years, much of it likely billions of years older than the Moon itself,” Dr. Pinault said. “We’re asking whether that ancient collection might contain microscopic traces of technologies that existed long before humans ever looked up at the sky.” “Unlike E...

RT @MaxDerakhshani: When one of SETI Institute's scientists proposes there could be alien debris on the Moon, @nytimes laps it up. But when…

RT @MaxDerakhshani: When one of SETI Institute's scientists proposes there could be alien debris on the Moon, @nytimes laps it up. But when…




